Religious beliefs mandate the denial of evidence

Posted on March 4, 2010 by Adrian Bardon, Staff columnist

“We’ve been attacked by the intelligent, educated segment of the culture.” — The Rev. Ray Mummert (Dover, Penn., pastor and Intelligent Design proponent)
I have been writing all semester about irrationality. My particular concern has to do with how our continued indulgence of religious belief facilitates a disregard for evidence pointing toward discomforting truths. As discomforting as it is, climate change and resource depletion need to be addressed now.
Along comes the Old Gold & Black column from Feb. 25 (“Politicians often use climate research for political gain,” Elliot Engstrom), which offers the view that international bodies and the world’s “elite” are conspiring to manufacture a global environmental crisis so as to seize total power. With his references to Murray Rothbard, individual liberty and minimal government, I am presuming that the author is one of our vocal campus Libertarians. Radical libertarianism has many of the characteristics of a religion: it is internally incoherent, in that it is founded on a notion of absolute property rights that is indefensible according to its own moral principles, and its followers often exhibit the blind fervor of those in the grips of religious mania.
But that is an issue for another column. The point is that the poor reasoning, contempt for evidence and paranoid style of this column  provides a perfect illustration of the ideological credulity I have been talking about.
The column in question describes a vast conspiracy among all the world’s national and international climate research centers, tens of thousands of individual scientists and the United Nations to consolidate power over those who love freedom. All of the world’s national governments have been duped (they can’t be part of the conspiracy, since the UN is trying to take their power away). The helpless oil, gas and coal industries, along with all the other corporate interests opposed to environmental regulations, are being crushed under the iron heel (panda paw?) of the World Wildlife Federation.
Highly plausible. Of course, there is that darned evidence to deal with. The essay claims that the evidence for warming and climate change has been debunked. This is absurd. I could cite a dozen, a hundred, highly authoritative sources showing this to be utterly, laughably false — the IPCC, the WMO, the NCDC, the NOAA — but what would be the point? They are all part of the conspiracy! Even NASA is in on it … of course, those aren’t weather satellites they have been sending up all these years; those are spy satellites for the international socialist conspiracy to gather information on brave entrepreneurs as they work to make the world a better place.
In considering whether to believe the claims in last week’s column, I would encourage readers to walk across campus to the science buildings, and ask the folks there what they think about the data. I can assure you they will not throw a bag over your head and make you disappear. How about doing your own experiments, if you don’t believe any of the science journals? Get yourself some carbon dioxide and a sun lamp.
Like “birthers,” “truthers” and other conspiracy theorists, climate change deniers paint themselves into a corner of irrefutability. Why consider the data, if they have all been faked? This is the same doxastic impenetrability as with religious ideology. Normally, we revise our world view as we are exposed to evidence inconsistent with it. But some world views include, as an essential component, a disregard for countervailing evidence.
Religious literalists reject any evidence uncongenial to their views about miracles and the afterlife. Evidence against young-Earth creationism or the geocentric model of the universe involves the direct or indirect hand of Satan. Alleged evidence for evolution is the result of a conspiracy of secularists trying to convert our children to Darwinism and homosexuality, just so these atheists can feel better about their immoral lifestyles. Any evidence contradicting the revealed word of God is, by definition, only evidence of a conspiracy against God.
Like that of religious fundamentalism, climate change denialism’s world view, thanks to its “global conspiracy of intellectuals” component, mandates the rejection of any evidence that conflicts with its core tenets: any such evidence is, by definition, just part of the conspiracy, so can be disregarded. The world view itself closes the door to revision of beliefs through exposure to reality.
You are entitled to your own opinion, but not to your own facts. Facts are not political, not amenable to punditry and spin. You can, however, obscure the facts though such methods, and delay critical action until it is too late.
I don’t want to beat up on a student, whose views, I hope, are still in the process of development. But attempts to obscure or deny the facts about our environmental crisis are no joke.
Just as the inherent complexity and uncertainty of all scientific endeavors was exploited for decades by the American Tobacco Institute’s “experts,” conservatives have long employed a delay and confuse strategy so as to protect their corporate constituency. As early as 2002 (as reported by Charles Pierce), Republican pollster Frank Luntz prepared a report on how to confuse the issue of global warming. He hopefully suggested that, while “the scientific debate is closing … there is still a window to challenge the science.”
The chief of staff for Bush’s Council on Environmental Quality was Phillip Cooney, long time lawyer for the American Petroleum Institute, and head of the API’s team on fighting climate change science. He was tasked with rewriting scientific reports from bodies like the National Climatic Data Center to water down or muddle their findings. In the meantime, political appointees at NASA prevented its chief climate scientist, James Hansen, from doing interviews.
Recently, we have had the ludicrous spectacle of multiple on-air Fox News personalities joining U.S. Senators and Congresspersons in using the record snowstorm in D.C. to belittle climate science. This storm was repeatedly stated to absolutely refute the science. Never mind that this confuses weather with climate, and ignores the many well-documented global warming trends. Or that a warmer Pacific Ocean puts more moisture and energy in the atmosphere, leading to the long-time prediction by climate change models of heavier snowstorms in the American Northeast due to warming. The mendacity is breathtaking.
A key point, so often ignored, is that one side has a gigantic economic interest in confusing the issue, while the other side would like nothing better than to be proven wrong! Climate experts the world over would be ecstatic if someone showed that climate change doesn’t exist or isn’t a problem. No one appreciates better than they do what great news that would be. Just as atheists would be unbelievably thrilled and relieved to find that they have a shot at an eternal afterlife of happiness. Imagine, no fear of death, and justice for the oppressed in the hereafter! Atheists are just more willing to face the facts, and work harder for a better future here on Earth.
Adrian Bardon is an associate professor of philosophy. (His columns this semester are part of a book project.)

“We’ve been attacked by the intelligent, educated segment of the culture.” — The Rev. Ray Mummert (Dover, Penn., pastor and Intelligent Design proponent)

I have been writing all semester about irrationality. My particular concern has to do with how our continued indulgence of religious belief facilitates a disregard for evidence pointing toward discomforting truths. As discomforting as it is, climate change and resource depletion need to be addressed now.

Along comes the Old Gold & Black column from Feb. 25 (“Politicians often use climate research for political gain,” Elliot Engstrom), which offers the view that international bodies and the world’s “elite” are conspiring to manufacture a global environmental crisis so as to seize total power. With his references to Murray Rothbard, individual liberty and minimal government, I am presuming that the author is one of our vocal campus Libertarians. Radical libertarianism has many of the characteristics of a religion: it is internally incoherent, in that it is founded on a notion of absolute property rights that is indefensible according to its own moral principles, and its followers often exhibit the blind fervor of those in the grips of religious mania.

But that is an issue for another column. The point is that the poor reasoning, contempt for evidence and paranoid style of this column  provides a perfect illustration of the ideological credulity I have been talking about.

The column in question describes a vast conspiracy among all the world’s national and international climate research centers, tens of thousands of individual scientists and the United Nations to consolidate power over those who love freedom. All of the world’s national governments have been duped (they can’t be part of the conspiracy, since the UN is trying to take their power away). The helpless oil, gas and coal industries, along with all the other corporate interests opposed to environmental regulations, are being crushed under the iron heel (panda paw?) of the World Wildlife Federation.

Highly plausible. Of course, there is that darned evidence to deal with. The essay claims that the evidence for warming and climate change has been debunked. This is absurd. I could cite a dozen, a hundred, highly authoritative sources showing this to be utterly, laughably false — the IPCC, the WMO, the NCDC, the NOAA — but what would be the point? They are all part of the conspiracy! Even NASA is in on it … of course, those aren’t weather satellites they have been sending up all these years; those are spy satellites for the international socialist conspiracy to gather information on brave entrepreneurs as they work to make the world a better place.

In considering whether to believe the claims in last week’s column, I would encourage readers to walk across campus to the science buildings, and ask the folks there what they think about the data. I can assure you they will not throw a bag over your head and make you disappear. How about doing your own experiments, if you don’t believe any of the science journals? Get yourself some carbon dioxide and a sun lamp.

Like “birthers,” “truthers” and other conspiracy theorists, climate change deniers paint themselves into a corner of irrefutability. Why consider the data, if they have all been faked? This is the same doxastic impenetrability as with religious ideology. Normally, we revise our world view as we are exposed to evidence inconsistent with it. But some world views include, as an essential component, a disregard for countervailing evidence.

Religious literalists reject any evidence uncongenial to their views about miracles and the afterlife. Evidence against young-Earth creationism or the geocentric model of the universe involves the direct or indirect hand of Satan. Alleged evidence for evolution is the result of a conspiracy of secularists trying to convert our children to Darwinism and homosexuality, just so these atheists can feel better about their immoral lifestyles. Any evidence contradicting the revealed word of God is, by definition, only evidence of a conspiracy against God.

Like that of religious fundamentalism, climate change denialism’s world view, thanks to its “global conspiracy of intellectuals” component, mandates the rejection of any evidence that conflicts with its core tenets: any such evidence is, by definition, just part of the conspiracy, so can be disregarded. The world view itself closes the door to revision of beliefs through exposure to reality.

You are entitled to your own opinion, but not to your own facts. Facts are not political, not amenable to punditry and spin. You can, however, obscure the facts though such methods, and delay critical action until it is too late.

I don’t want to beat up on a student, whose views, I hope, are still in the process of development. But attempts to obscure or deny the facts about our environmental crisis are no joke.

Just as the inherent complexity and uncertainty of all scientific endeavors was exploited for decades by the American Tobacco Institute’s “experts,” conservatives have long employed a delay and confuse strategy so as to protect their corporate constituency. As early as 2002 (as reported by Charles Pierce), Republican pollster Frank Luntz prepared a report on how to confuse the issue of global warming. He hopefully suggested that, while “the scientific debate is closing … there is still a window to challenge the science.”

The chief of staff for Bush’s Council on Environmental Quality was Phillip Cooney, long time lawyer for the American Petroleum Institute, and head of the API’s team on fighting climate change science. He was tasked with rewriting scientific reports from bodies like the National Climatic Data Center to water down or muddle their findings. In the meantime, political appointees at NASA prevented its chief climate scientist, James Hansen, from doing interviews.

Recently, we have had the ludicrous spectacle of multiple on-air Fox News personalities joining U.S. Senators and Congresspersons in using the record snowstorm in D.C. to belittle climate science. This storm was repeatedly stated to absolutely refute the science. Never mind that this confuses weather with climate, and ignores the many well-documented global warming trends. Or that a warmer Pacific Ocean puts more moisture and energy in the atmosphere, leading to the long-time prediction by climate change models of heavier snowstorms in the American Northeast due to warming. The mendacity is breathtaking.

A key point, so often ignored, is that one side has a gigantic economic interest in confusing the issue, while the other side would like nothing better than to be proven wrong! Climate experts the world over would be ecstatic if someone showed that climate change doesn’t exist or isn’t a problem. No one appreciates better than they do what great news that would be. Just as atheists would be unbelievably thrilled and relieved to find that they have a shot at an eternal afterlife of happiness. Imagine, no fear of death, and justice for the oppressed in the hereafter! Atheists are just more willing to face the facts, and work harder for a better future here on Earth.

Adrian Bardon is an associate professor of philosophy. (His columns this semester are part of a book project.)